{"id":13429,"date":"2018-09-11T10:19:59","date_gmt":"2018-09-11T10:19:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.moldtrans.com\/?p=13429\/"},"modified":"2024-08-12T09:11:27","modified_gmt":"2024-08-12T09:11:27","slug":"a-importancia-da-raftd-na-exportacao-e-na-importacao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.moldtrans.com\/pt-pt\/a-importancia-da-raftd-na-exportacao-e-na-importacao\/","title":{"rendered":"A Import\u00e2ncia da RAFTD na Exporta\u00e7\u00e3o e na Importa\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"

O neg\u00f3cio de importa\u00e7\u00e3o e de exporta\u00e7\u00e3o sempre necessitou de regulamentos pr\u00f3prios. O com\u00e9rcio move-se a uma velocidade superior \u00e0 da lei, pelo que ao longo da hist\u00f3ria se tem servido fundamentalmente de direito consuetudin\u00e1rio.<\/p>\n

Standards Normativos Pr\u00f3prios<\/em><\/h2>\n

Na contrata\u00e7\u00e3o privada prima a autonomia das partes. Quer isto dizer que, enquanto que os contratantes n\u00e3o se rejam por normas imperativas (fiscais, penais, etc.), cada neg\u00f3cio ser\u00e1 limitado pelo acordado.<\/p>\n

Este sistema \u00e9 flex\u00edvel; no entanto, apresenta um inconveniente: a possibilidade de diferen\u00e7as interpretativas em cada pra\u00e7a comercial, algo que no transporte internacional pode ser amplificado.<\/p>\n

Incoterms<\/em><\/h3>\n

Os termos internacionais de com\u00e9rcio s\u00e3o o standard<\/em> mais popular. A C\u00e2mara de Com\u00e9rcio Internacional elabora-os e atualiza-os, sendo a sua \u00faltima vers\u00e3o datada de 2010. Estas defini\u00e7\u00f5es estabelecem uma linguagem \u00fanica para o com\u00e9rcio internacional<\/p>\n

RAFTD<\/em><\/h3>\n

A Revised American Foreign Trade Definition<\/em> \u00e9 tamb\u00e9m uma forma de convencionar termos comerciais. Tal como os Incoterms<\/em>, t\u00eam como objetivo a facilita\u00e7\u00e3o de interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o de contactos.<\/p>\n

Quais se utilizam?<\/em><\/h3>\n

A Revised American Foreign Trade Definition<\/em> n\u00e3o \u00e9 atualizada desde 1941 pelo que habitualmente se utilizam os Incoterms<\/em>. No entanto, os t\u00e9rminos pelos quais uma troca comercial \u00e9 definida s\u00e3o livres, havendo ainda muitos interc\u00e2mbios utilizando a RAFTD.<\/p>\n

Conhecendo a RAFTD<\/em><\/h3>\n

Todas as empresas de exporta\u00e7\u00e3o e de importa\u00e7\u00e3o deveriam conhecer tanto os Incoterms<\/em> como a RAFTD, cujas defini\u00e7\u00f5es passamos a explicar sucintamente:<\/p>\n

CIF \u2013 Aplic\u00e1vel a qualquer meio de transporte, inclui custo de transporte at\u00e9 ao destino e seguro mar\u00edtimo.<\/p>\n

C&F \u2013 Inclui custo de transporte at\u00e9 ao destino.<\/p>\n

EX \u2013 A mercadoria \u00e9 entregue nas instala\u00e7\u00f5es do comprador, definidas pelas variantes do t\u00e9rmino (sendo que o risco tamb\u00e9m se transmite desta forma):<\/p>\n

–factory<\/em>;<\/p>\n

-mill<\/em>;<\/p>\n

\u00a0–mine<\/em>;<\/p>\n

–plantation<\/em>;<\/p>\n

–warehouse<\/em>;<\/p>\n

–works<\/em>.<\/p>\n

EX DOCK \u2013 Inclui os custos de dep\u00f3sito da mercadoria no cais de importa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

FAS \u2013 Inclui o custo de entrega na embarca\u00e7\u00e3o, que pode ser a\u00e9rea.<\/p>\n

FOB \u2013 Determina de onde se designa o transportador e, portanto, at\u00e9 onde vai a cota\u00e7\u00e3o e a responsabilidade perante riscos. Apresenta as seguintes variantes:<\/p>\n

–name inland carrier at named inland point of departure<\/em>. At\u00e9 dentro do pa\u00eds de embarque;<\/p>\n

–named inland carrier at named inland point of departure, freight prepaid to named point of exportation<\/em>. Idem, com frete pr\u00e9-pago at\u00e9 local de exporta\u00e7\u00e3o;<\/p>\n

–named inland carrier at named inland point of departure, freight allowed to named point<\/em>. Idem, mas o frete a pagar na entrega;<\/p>\n

– named inland carrier at named point of exportation<\/em>. At\u00e9 que a mercadoria alcance o lugar de exporta\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

–named point of shipment<\/em>. At\u00e9 que a mercadoria alcance o porto designado de embarque;<\/p>\n

–named inland point in country of importation<\/em>. At\u00e9 que a mercadoria alcance o ponto designado no pa\u00eds importador.<\/p>\n

Definitivamente, os standards <\/em>importa\u00e7\u00e3o e exporta\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00eam de ser claros. Por tal motivo, recomenda-se a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de Incoterms<\/em>. No entanto, dado que a RAFTD continua a ser utilizada, \u00e9 tamb\u00e9m importante ter consci\u00eancia das condi\u00e7\u00f5es que esta estabelece.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O neg\u00f3cio de importa\u00e7\u00e3o e de exporta\u00e7\u00e3o sempre necessitou de regulamentos pr\u00f3prios. O com\u00e9rcio move-se a uma velocidade superior \u00e0 da lei, pelo que ao longo da hist\u00f3ria se tem servido fundamentalmente de direito consuetudin\u00e1rio. Standards Normativos Pr\u00f3prios Na contrata\u00e7\u00e3o privada prima a autonomia das partes. Quer isto dizer que, enquanto que os contratantes n\u00e3o […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"ocean_front_end_style_editor":"no","ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[595,746,598],"tags":[606,607],"class_list":["post-13429","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mantener_pt","category-transporte-maritimo-pt-pt","category-transporte-terrestre-internacional-pt-pt","tag-exportacao","tag-importacao","entry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nA Import\u00e2ncia da RAFTD na Exporta\u00e7\u00e3o e na Importa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"O neg\u00f3cio de importa\u00e7\u00e3o e de exporta\u00e7\u00e3o sempre necessitou de regulamentos pr\u00f3prios. 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